The complete urine examination (CUE test) is a routine screening test. The Indications for complete urine examination (CUE) include suspected renal diseases, for detection of urinary tract infection, for detection and management of metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus, differential diagnosis of jaundice, diagnosis of pregnancy etc. The complete urine examination (CUE) include physical examination of urine like colour, appearance, specific gravity, ph, chemical examination for sugars, proteins, bile salts, bile pigments, ketones, urobilinogen and microscopic examination for pus cells, epithelial cells, casts, crystals, red blood cells, micro-organisms etc. The urine analysis is done either alone or along with other test. The Urine examination reports are accurate with minimum cue test cost. Physical examination of complete urine examination (CUE) - Normal urine is pale yellow in colour. Change in the colour of urine indicates various conditions like jaundice, chyluria, alkaptonuria, hematuria etc. Cloudy or turbid appearance of urine is seen when there are increased pus cells in the urine, presence of amorphous phosphates or urates. Specific gravity indicates relative mass density and depends on amount of solutes in the solution (urine). It measures the concentrating ability of kidneys. It is increased in conditions like diabetes mellitus, fever, dehydration. Ph of urine measures the acidity or alkalinity. Acidic urine is seen in ketosis, urinary tract infections and alkaline urine is seen in urinary tract infections, vomiting, renal failure etc. Chemical test of complete urine examination (CUE) - Proteins in urine are increased in kidney diseases like nephrotic syndrome, orthostatic proteinuria, post renal proteinuria. Sugars in urine (glycosuria) is seen in many conditions like diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, pancreatic and liver diseases, cushings syndrome, toxic renal tubular damage, fanconis syndrome etc. Bile salts and bile pigments, along with urobilinogen in urine helps in differential diagnosis of jaundice. Blood in urine is seen in diseases of urinary tract, coagulation disorders etc. Microscopic examination of complete urine examination (CUE) - Presence of pus cells in urine indicates urinary tract infection. Presence of dysmorphic red blood cells indicates kidney pathology. Presence of casts and or crystals in urine may be physiological or pathological.
