Electrolytes, Serum

The electrolyte panel is used to identify an electrolyte, fluid, or pH imbalance (acidosis or alkalosis) in the body. Serum electrolytes are measured to help investigate and monitor treatment of conditions that cause electrolyte imbalances such as Dehydration, kidney disease, lung diseases, or heart conditions The electrolyte panel typically includes tests for: Sodium - mostly an extracellular fluid electrolyte, it helps to regulate the amount of water in the body. Potassium - an intracellular fluid electrolyte. A small but vital amount of potassium is also found in the plasma, the liquid portion of the blood. Monitoring potassium levels is important as changes in the potassium level can affect the heart's rhythm and ability to contract. Chloride - this electrolyte shifts in and out of the cells to maintain electrical neutrality and its level usually reflects that of sodium. Bicarbonate - It measures the total CO2 in the body. It helps maintain a stable pH level (acid-base balance) and, electrical neutrality. Individual electrolyte may be measured to monitor the imbalance until it resolves. Additionally tests for blood gases may be done which measure the pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in an arterial blood sample, to help evaluate the severity of the imbalance and monitor its response to treatment.

1. What are the causes of electrolyte imbalance?

Prolonged diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration and burns can cause electrolyte imbalance.

2. What are the symptoms of electrolyte imbalance?

Weakness, muscle spasms, irregular heart rate, numbness, confusion, lethargy, seizures, irregular blood pressure etc.

3. What is the treatment for an electrolyte imbalance?

Treatment includes supportive treatment, electrolyte replacement and treating the underlying cause.