Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Total, Serum

The PSA test and Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) are used to screen men for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by cells in the prostate and most of the PSA is released into semen, but small quantities of it are also released into the blood. Free and bound forms of PSA exists in the blood. PSA levels are elevated in Prostate cancer, they may be elevated in other conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and inflammation of the prostate. An elevated PSA may be followed by a biopsy for an accurate diagnosis. Other tests like urinalysis and ultrasound may also be recommended if either the PSA or the DRE is found to be abnormal to rule out urinary tract infections. The total PSA test may be used to determine the effectiveness of treatment and to detect recurrence in diagnosed cases of prostate cancer.

1. What are the treatment options for prostate cancer?

The most common treatments include radiation, hormone therapy, and surgery.

2. Will PSA testing detect all prostate cancers?

No. In some cases, the cancer cells do not produce much PSA and the test will be negative even when prostate cancer is present.

3. Should every man have a PSA test?

In general, if a person has symptoms that may indicate a prostate problem, then PSA testing is recommended. Otherwise, testing and the timing of the test are left to the discretion of the individual and the physician.